Two kinds of data
- Cache: temporary media that can be re-fetched from the cloud, safe to delete;
- Chat data: locally kept messages and files, deleting really removes them.
Cleanup
- Settings → Data and Storage → Storage Usage;
- Inspect totals or per-chat figures and tap Clear;
- Clear photos, videos, files and music independently.
Set and forget
Use Media Retention to keep viewed media for three days or a week; older items disappear automatically. Keep important files in Saved Messages, where they live in the cloud rather than on your device.